Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that encrypts a victim's data, rendering it inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker. It often spreads through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or network vulnerabilities.

The typical ransomware attack involves the following steps:

• Infection: The malware is delivered via email attachments, malicious websites, or vulnerabilities in outdated software.
• Encryption: Once inside the system, ransomware encrypts files and displays a ransom note demanding payment for decryption keys.
• Extortion: The attacker may threaten to release sensitive data if the ransom isn't paid.

Common types of ransomware include:

• Crypto Ransomware: Encrypts files and demands payment for decryption keys.
• Locker Ransomware: Locks the victim out of their system entirely, often targeting operating systems.
• Double Extortion: Threatens to leak stolen data in addition to encrypting it.

• Regular Backups: Maintain up-to-date backups of critical data and store them offline or in secure cloud environments.
• Update Software: Ensure all software, including operating systems and antivirus programs, is updated to patch vulnerabilities.
• Be Cautious with Emails: Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading attachments from unknown senders.
• Use Multi-Factor Authentication: Add an extra layer of security to your accounts and systems.
• Employee Training: Educate staff on identifying phishing attempts and practicing safe browsing habits.